一、英语语法关于主谓宾定状补及从句详细讲解
主谓宾、定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。首先你要记住这个口诀。
主语是一个句子中所要表达，描述的人或物，是句子叙述的主体。可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。谓语是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。
宾语是动作的对象或承受者，常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。
状语说明事物发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果方式。条件或伴随情况，程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词，短语以及从句来担任。补语是述补结构中补充说明述语的结果、程度、趋向、可能等的成分。
扩展资料
主谓宾定状补例句：
I love the beautiful girl，Alice，forever。
我喜欢这个漂亮的女孩，她的名字是爱丽丝，我永远很喜欢她。
解析：
I主语，love谓语动词，the girl宾语，beautiful定语修饰girl，Alice补语，补充说明the girl
forever时间状语。
参考资料来源：百度百科-英语语法
二、英语中的几种从句(句型),请解释说明
有三大类
1.名词性从句 2.定语从句 3.状语从句
名词性从句中分：
1.主语从句：例，it is important to read book.(形主it作主语，真正的主语是to read book)
that air has pressure was known long ago.(关联词that引导的句子that air has pressure作主语从句)
2.宾语从句：I think it necessary that he should do his homework.(形式宾语it引导的)
I'm sure that my test will succeed.(sure后用that引导的宾从)
3.表语从句：系动词后的从句
it may be as you say(be是系动词，后面用as引导的)
this is that he is too young to go to school.(有系动词is，后面由that引导的表语从句)
4.同位语从句：同位语从句是对前面名词的解释说明，如：
The facts that he had done his homework.(事实就是he had done his homework，是对前面the facts的解释，是什么事实)
定语从句：在句子中起定语作用，修饰剧中的名词或代词的从句叫定从
例：the man(who is shaking hands with my father) is my teacher.(括号中就是定从，修饰限定the man)
BeiJin is a city(which has a long history).(括号中是定从，修饰the city)
状语从句：在复合句中担任状语成分的从句叫状语从句
例：I will tell her about that(when i see her).为时间状从
just stay(where you are).为地点状语
Because he is ill,he is absent today.为原因状语
这也很局限，其实要讲的还很多，你可以多看看语法书之类的
三、主语从句语法详解
在英语中，主语从句是非常重要的一个语法知识，主语从句涉及的知识也非常多，需要我们耐心去理解，要不然容易混淆。下面是我给大家带来的英语语法主语从句_主语从句语法详解，以供大家参考，我们一起来看看吧!
▼主语从句的概念与类型
主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语,引导主语从句的词有从属连词that, whether以及连接代词who, what,which, whoever, whatever, whichever和连接副词when, where, why, how等.
例如:
That she was chosen made us very happy.
她当选了使我们很高兴.
What caused the accident is a completemystery.
是什么导致了这次事故还完全是一个谜.
Whether she will come or not is still a question.
她是否来还是一个问题.
Which team will win the match is stillunknown.
哪个队会赢得这场比赛还不知道.
Whoever comes to the party will receive apresent.
参加聚会的每一个人都将收到一份礼物.
When they will start has not been decidedyet.
他们何时出发还没决定.
注意:上述例句中的主语从句都是放在句首,但有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免"头重脚轻",常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面.
例如:
It is a pity that she has made such amistake.
她犯了这样一个错误,真是遗憾.
It depends on the climate whether they aregoing shopping today.
他们是否今天去购物还得看天气情况.
这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:
1)It is+ adj./ n.+从句
It is a pity/shame that...遗憾的是……
It is possible that...很可能……
It is unlikely that...不可能……
2)It+不及物动词+从句
It seems/appears that...似乎……
It happened that...碰巧……
3)It+ be+过去分词+从句
It is said that...据说……
It is known to all that...众所周知……
It is reported that...据报道……
It is believed that...据信……;人们相信……
It is suggested that...有人建议……
It must be pointed out that...必须指出……
It has been proved that...已证明…….
例如:
It is believed that at least a score ofbuildings were damaged or destroyed.
据信,至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉.
It is suggested that the meeting should beput off.
有人建议会议延期召开.
It's reported that three people were killedin the accident and five were hurt badly.
据报道,事故中三人丧生,五人重伤.
It is known to all that Taiwan is aninseparable part of China.
众所周知,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分.
▼主语从句的语法
<例句>
It's certain that prices will go up.
物价肯定要上涨的。
<语法分析>
主语从句可以由that引导，此外还可由连接代词或连接副词引导，关系代词what或whatever也可引导主语从句。由that引导的主语从句是用的最多的一种主语从句，有时为了强调，可以把从句放在句首，而绝大部分主语从句则借助先行主语放到句子后部去。
<触类旁通>
(1)That she hasn't phoned is odd.
她没有来电话很奇怪。
语法分析：that引导的主语从句。
(2)That he was chosen made a tremendous stir in his village.
他被选中在他村子里引起很大轰动。
语法分析：有时为了强调或谓语较长时，可以把从句放在句首。
(3)It is natural that they should have different views.
他们有不同观点是很自然的。
语法分析：it+be+形容词或名词+that从句。
(4)It happened that he wasn't in that day.
恰巧他那天不在。
语法分析：it+动词+that从句。
(5)It's doubtful whether we'll be able to come.
我们是否能来还是个疑问。
语法分析：连接代词或连接副词可引导主语从句。
(6)What will be,will be.
该发生的事，总会发生。
语法分析：关系代词型what也可引导主语从句。
<巩固练习>
(1)______ he is still alive is a consolation.
(2)It's strange ______ she knows nothing about it.
(3)It may be ______ you'll prove yourself the most suitable.
(4)______ is to be sent there hasn't been decided.
(5)It was clear enough ______ she meant.
(6)______ is over is over.
(7)______ he says goes.
(8)______ she saw made her tremble.
<参考答案>
(1)That(2)that(3)that(4)What(5)what(6)What(7)Whatever(8)What
▼主语从句的注意问题
1)引导词that与what
what既有引导主语从句的作用,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等).这时what相当于all that/everything that...,常译成"所……的(东西、事情、话等.)";而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不担当任何句子成分.但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that.
例如:
What is done can't be undone.
(谚语)已成定局,无可挽回.
What we can't get seems better than what wehave.
我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要好. That we should work out a plan to deal with the present serioussituation is important.
我们应该制定一项计划来应付目前严峻的形势,这一点非常重要.
That a new teacher will come to teach usgeography is true.
一位新老师将来教我们地理,这是真的.
▼主语从句的语气
在It is necessary/ natural/ important/ strange...+ that-clause
这类句型里,that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词用"should+原形",表虚似语气.
例如:
It is necessary that the problem should besettled at once.
这个问题必须马上解决.
It's strange that he should have gone awaywithout telling us.
他竟然没向我们说一声就走了,真是奇怪.
巩固练习
15. It isnecessary that a college student _______ at least a foreign language.
A. masters B.should master C. mastered D. will master
四、以it作形式主语的主语从句与强调句型的区别
"It be+ adj./n.+ that-clause"与强调句型均有It be...that...之类的语言标志,但不同的是:①前者中的that从句是主语从句.若删掉其中的It be和that,则剩余部分不论结构还是语意都不能成为一个句子;但若将后者中的It be和that去掉,则剩余部分的结构和语意仍能构成一个完整的句子.②强调句型译为汉语时可加上"正是……"或"就是……"之类的字眼,而主语从句则不可以.
请比较下面两个句子:
It is surprising that Mary should have wonfirst place.
令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了第一名. It is Mary that has won first place.
正是玛莉得了第一名.
第一句话中的It是形式主语,that引导的是主语从句.句中的It is和that无法删除,一旦删除句子就不成立.
第二句是强调句型,其中的It is和that可以去掉,因为没有It is和that句子仍然很通顺.
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